The problems of getting to true Root Cause Analysis (RCA) are numerous, involving as they do multiple systems, stakeholders and the very complexity of today's manufactured products. But the potential benefits are compelling - fewer returns, substitutions, reworks and less scrap; an enhanced reputation amongst customers; reduced warranty reserves; and a better understanding of what processes, materials, assemblies and even suppliers may cause future issues. If only we can know true root causes, then these areas are open to us.